Archive
48RM Commando
There may be additional content elsewhere such as in our Photo Gallery and Forum.
Displaying 1 - 133 of 133'48RM Cdo. Officers - Operation Infatuate'
Headquarters
Commanding Officer - Lt. Col. J.L. Moulton, DSO, RM.
Second in Command - Maj. D.H.W. Sanders RM.
Adjutant - Captain L.R. Grant RM (also SO).
IO - Lieut. Harold Smedley RM.
48RM Cdo. Officers, June 1944
Extract from the Navy Lists
48RM Cdo. Officers, Oct.'44
Extract from the Navy Lists
48RM Cdo. Roll of Honour
|
Maj. D.R. DE STACPOOLE Capt. N.H. GODKIN Capt. F.C.L. LENNARD Capt. R.G. MACKENZIE Capt. J.L. PERRY |
48RM Commando Nominal Roll
Below is a nominal roll of those who served in 48RM Commando. It is listed by order of surname.
ALDWORTH, Michael Mancell
Lieutenant Michael Aldworth received a MiD for good services with the 2st Army Group in North West Europe.
His death was announced in Commando Association newsletter 96 where his rank was shown as Captain (later Major) [2].
AMATO, Denis
Sergeant Denis Amato died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
APPLEYARD, Frank
Lance Corporal Frank Appleyard MM died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
In July 1943 he was awarded the Military Medal for gallant and distinguished services in Sicily whilst serving as a Marine in the 7th Batallion, Royal Marines.
Recommendation
"Masa Palato, Sicily, 20th July 1943
BEAN, William George
Marine William Bean died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
BISHOP, Timothy Roland
Sergeant Timothy Bishop died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
BLACK, James William
Company Sergeant Major James Black was awarded the MM for bravery, skill and devotion to duty whilst serving with the Allied Forces during the campaign in the Low Countries, over a period from January to April, 1945 [1].
He also received a MiD in 1945 for good services while operating with the 21st Army Group. [2].
BOARDMAN, William
Marine William Boardman died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
BONNER, John William
Captain John Bonner was in the first batch of reinforcements joining 48RM Commando on the 9th June 1944. He was posted to 'A' Troop, later joining the HQ Troop, before finally becoming the Administration Officer of the Commando [1]. In June 1945 he was appointed M.B.E. (Military Division) [2].
The death of Capt. John W. Bonner MBE of Epping, Essex, was announced in Commando Association newsletter 108 issued March 1999.
Sources
BOTLEY, Albert George
Marine Albert Botley died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
BOURNE, Frederick Edward Donald
Marine Frederick Bourne died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
BRANCH, Walter James
Private Walter Branch, RAMC attached to 48RM Commando, died during operations at Walcheren. His name is on the 48RM Commando Memorial at the RM Commando Museum, Portsmouth.
BREAM, George Leonard
George Leonard Bream, or 'Percy', as he was known in the Corps, was born on June 1st 1919 in the hamlet of Buckworth, Huntingdonshire. He was the middle son of a a family of six, his father being a farm labourer. After leaving school with a basic education he moved to his eldest sister's home in Luton where he at first worked as a market trader, and then in a gent's outfitters. In 1938 with talk of trouble in Europe he joined The Royal Marines. In 1944 he joined the newly formed 48RM Commando after successfully completing his training at the Commando Basic Training Centre at Achnacarry.
BROWN, William
Private William Brown, RAMC attached to 48RM Commando, died during operations at Walcheren. His name is also on the 48RM Commando Memorial at the RM Commando Museum, Portsmouth.
Sources
CWGC
BROWNFIELD, John Edward
Sergeant John Brownfield was awarded the MM for bravery, skill and devotion to duty whilst serving with the Allied Forces during the campaign in the Low Countries, over a period from January to April, 1945.
BULL, Robert Roy
Marine Robert Bull from Brierley Hill Staffordshire died [1] whilst a passenger in a jeep that crashed on the Pullborough Road outside the Crown Inn at Cootham [2].
Sources
[1] CWGC
[2] Report on the inquest in the Worthing Gazette - Wednesday 2nd October 1946.
BURGESS, Norman
Marine Norman Burgess died during operations at Walcheren.
BURGESS, Sidney Charles
Marine Sidney Burgess was awarded the MM for courage, example and enthusiasm during commando operations in Northern Europe.
Sources London Gazettes Supp. 37013, page 1790. National Archives file WO 373/47/59.BURKE, James Michael
Marine James Burke died during operations at Normandy.
CAPPLEMAN, John
Sergeant John Cappleman died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
CLARK, Herbert
Marine Herbert Clark died during operations at Normandy.
CLARK, Rutter Thomas
Quartermaster Sergeant Rutter Clark was awarded the MM for gallant and distinguished services while operating with the Army during the successful landings in Normandy.
COLEMAN, Arthur Douglas
Marine Arthur Coleman was batman to Lieut. Collins of 'A' troop. Both died during an operation against the German held island of Schouwen, Holland.
COLLINS, Peter Stratford
Lieutenant Peter Collins MC, 'A' troop, died during operations against the German held island of Schouwen, Holland. He had been awarded the MC for gallant and distinguished services in the field.
CONNER, Charles Geoffrey Langdale
Marine Charles Conner died during operations at Normandy.
COULSON, Reginald
Marine Reginald Coulson died during operations at Normandy on D Day
COULTER, William Knowles
Sergeant William Coulter died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
CURTIS, Edward Geoffrey
Lieutenant Edward Curtis, 'B' troop, died during operations at Normandy on 'D'Day.
Extract from the 48RM Cdo. War Diary 6-6-1944 Langrune, 1300 hrs
'B' tp reports "Deathshead" clear, they had found it unoccupied, and suffered only one casualty (Lt.Curtis) wounded by own naval supportive fire.
Sources
CWGC
48 RM Cdo. War Diary, National Archives file ADM 202/111.
DAVIS, Anthony David
Sergeant Anthony Davis died during operations at Walcheren.
De STACPOOLE, Derek Roderick
Major Derek Roderick de Stacpoole, 'Y' troop, was shot and killed during operations at Walcheren. He had earler been wounded during the Normandy landings rejoining the Commando and taking part in operations at Dozule in August.
He received a MiD for " good service while operating with 21st Army Group."
Sources
CWGC
D Day Commando - From Normandy to the Maas with 48RM Commando author Ken Ford.
London Gazettes Supp. 36979, page 1386.
DEWHURST, Francis Joseph
Marine Francis Dewhurst died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
DORMAN, John
Marine John Dorman died during operations at Normandy.
DUNN, Edwin
Captain Edwin Dunn was awarded the MC for gallantry, leadership and undaunted devotion to duty during the assault on the Island of Walcheren.
EDWARDS, Gerard
Marine Gerard Edwards died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
ENGLAND, Walter Hugh
Lieutenant Walter England, SA Forces attached to 48RM Commando, was killed during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
FEREDAY, William Thomas George
Marine William Fereday died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
FINDLAY, Martin
Marine Martin Findlay died during operations in Holland. At the time of his death his Commando were engaged in holding a section of the line along the Maas.
Sources
CWGC
DDay Commando - From Normandy to the Maas with 48RM Commando by Ken Ford.
FLEMMING, James Maul
Marine James Flemming received a MiD in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in NW Europe [1].
On the 16th May 1950 it was announced in London Gazettes that the now Leading Fireman James Maul Flemming had been awarded the B.E.M. (Civil Division)
Citation
FLUNDER, Daniel John
Captain Daniel Flunder was awarded the MC for gallantry, leadership and undaunted devotion to duty during the assault on the Island of Walcheren [1]. He became the Adjutant and Commander of 'A' Troop of 48 RM Commando [2].
The death of Major Daniel John Flunder OBE, MC, VRD (48 RM Cdo) of Helston, Cornwall, was announced in Commando Association newsletter 102 issued March 1996.
FOGG, Dennis
Lance Corporal Dennis Fogg was killed during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
FORD, William Henry
Marine William Ford died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
FOX, Arthur Thomas
Marine Arthur Fox died during operations at Normandy [1].
FOX, Walter
Marine Walter Fox died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
FULHAM, William Frederick
Private William Fulham, RAMC attached to 48RM Commando, died during operations at Walcheren. His name is on the 48RM Commando Memorial at the RM Commando Museum, Portsmouth.
GIBBS, Robert Maurice
Marine Robert Gibbs died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
GODKIN, Noel Herbert
Captain Noel Godkin, the administration officer [1], died during operations at Walcheren [2]. He was appointed MBE (Military Division) for distinguished service during the landing of Allied Forces in Normandy [3].
Sources
[1] D Day Commando - From Normandy to the Maas with 48RM Commando author Ken Ford.
[2] CWGC
[3] London Gazettes Supp. 36947, page 995.
GOSLING, Thomas George
Marine Thomas Gosling died during operations at Sallenelles, Normandy.
Extract from the 48RM Cdo. War Diary
"7-7-1944 Sallenelles 2045 - 2115, All HQ officers were at dinner, the house was shelled." Against this entry is a hand written note which reads "Cas 1 MOA killed."
Marine Gosling is the only listed 48RM Commando casualty that day.
Sources
CWGC
48RM Cdo. War Diary, National Archives file ADM/222/111.
HAINES, Leslie James
Marine Leslie Haines died during operations at Walcheren.
HALL, Leonard John Albert
Marine Leonard Hall died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
HALL, Tom
Marine Tom Hall died during operations in NW Europe.
Marine Reginald Lee [more...] also died on this day and is buried in the same cemetery.
HEDLEY, Stanley
Marine Stanley Hedley died of wounds inflicted during operations in Normandy.
Sources
CWGC
His great nephew Sean Stanley Hedley, Captain R.E.(retd)
HILLS, Henry Joseph
Marine Henry Hills died of wounds inflicted during operations at Normandy.
Sources
CWGC
RM Globe and Laurel Nov. 1944 edition.
HILTON, Arthur
Corporal Arthur Hilton died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
HOSKINS, Edgar John
Marine Edgar Hoskins died during operations at Normandy.
HUGHES, Harold
Marine Harold Hughes died during operations at Walcheren.
HUMPHREYS, Charles Harry
Marine Charles Humphreys died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
HYTNER, Cyril Lionel
Lance Corporal Cyril Hytner, RAMC attached to 48RM Commando 'Z' troop, was wounded on D Day.
Extract from a letter to him from Doc Winser [more....]
JEHU, Edward Alcuin
Sergeant Edward Jehu died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
JOHNSON, Alfred George
Marine Alfred Johnson died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
JOHNSON, Charles Stephen
Marine Charles Johnson died during operations in Normandy.
JORDAN, Kenneth Joseph
Marine Kenneth Jordan died during operations at Walcheren.
KEMP, George Lamb
Sergeant George Kemp was awarded the MM for gallantry, leadership and undaunted devotion to duty during the assault on the Island of Walcheren [1].
Recommendation
LAMB, John McCrae Kirkpatrick
Marine John Lamb died during operations at Normandy.
LARKIN, Joseph Thompson
Lance Corporal Joseph Larkin died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
LAW, James Ernest
Corporal James Law died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
LEE, Reginald John
Marine Reginald Lee died during operations in NW Europe.
Marine Tom Hall [more...] also died on this day and is buried in the same cemetery.
Notes
LENNARD, Frederick Charles Laurence
Captain Frederick Lennard, 'Z' troop, died when his Landing Craft struck beach defences at Normandy on D Day. He drowned attempting to swim to the shore under heavy enemy fire.
Sources
CWGC
D Day Commando - From Normandy to the Maas with 48RM Commando, author Ken Ford.
Letter from 'Doc' Winser to LCpl Hytner
Type: Letters
Year of Publishing: 2019
Keywords: letter, winser, hytner, 48 royal marine commando
This letter, which can be downloaded from above, was sent by Doc Winser [more....], the M.O. of 48RM Commando to LCpl. Cyril Hytner [more....], RAMC attached to 48RM Commando who was wounded on D Day.
Source
John Hytner (son of LCpl. Hytner).
LINDREA, Cyril Brian
Lieutenant Cyril Brian Lindrea died during operations at Walcheren when enemy mortar bombs exploded amongst a group of officers.
Sources
CWGC
D Day Commando - From Normandy to the Maas with 48RM Commando, author Ken Ford.
[Image] © Sherborne School Archives, Abbey Road, Sherborne, Dorset, UK, DT9 3AP.
MACKENZIE, Roderick Gimson
Captain Roderick Mackenzie MC, 'X' troop, died of wounds from enemy mortar fire during operations at Walcheren. He died in hospital in Belgium. He had earlier been awarded the MC for "gallant and distinguished services while operating with the Army during the successful landings in Normandy."
Sources
CWGC
London Gazettes Supp. 36676, page 4008.
D Day Commando - From Normandy to the Maas with 48RM Commando, author Ken Ford.
MCARTHUR, James
Marine James McArthur died when his landing craft struck a mine during the assault on Walcheren.
Sources
CWGC
Annotated image from the collection of Mne Rumming 48RM Cdo courtesy his niece Rebekah Sloanemather.
MCCAIN, Gerald
Marine Gerald McCain died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
MCLAUGHLAN, John
Marine John McLaughlan died during operations at Normandy on DDay.
MEE, Alfred John
Marine Alfred Mee died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
MOSS, Albert Ronald
Corporal Albert Moss died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
MOULTON, James Louis
Lieutenant Colonel James Louis Moulton, Commanding Officer 48RM Commando, was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for gallant and distinguished services while operating with the Army during the successful landings in Normandy. [1] .
NICHOLSON, Donald
Marine Donald Nicholson was awarded the MM for gallantry, leadership and undaunted devotion to duty during the assault on the Island of Walcheren.
NUTTALL, James Thomas
Major James Nuttall, attached to 48 RM Commando 'Z' troop [1], received a MiD in recognition of gallant and distinguished service in North-West Europe [2].
In 1947 it was announced that he had been awarded the Bronze Cross, a decoration conferred by Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands [3].
Sources
O'BOYLE, Bernard
Corporal Bernard O'Boyle died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
PEACE, Harold
Sergeant Harold Peace died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
PERRY, James Lawry
Captain James Perry was killed by a sniper's bullet during operations at Langrune, Normandy. There is a street called Rue du Capitaine Perry named in his memory in the village.
Sources
CWGC
48 RM Cdo War Diary, National Archives file ADM/202/111.
POLLEY, Joseph James
Marine Joseph Polley died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
Sources
CWGC.
[Image] Collection of Mne Rumming 48RM Cdo courtesy his niece Rebekah Sloanemather.
POOLE, Arthur
Corporal Arthur Poole died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
POTTER, Frederick
Marine Frederick Potter died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
PRICE, Martin
Acting Lieutenant Colonel Martin Price D.S.O., R.M., was posted Commanding Officer 48RM Commando in March 1945 [1]. He had previously been Second in Command of 47RM Commando [1A].
- By February 1946 Lt. Colonel Price had replaced Lt. Colonel Komrower as Commandant of the Commanding Basic Training Centre [1B].
- (Captain) (Acting Lieutenant Colonel) (D.S.O.) Mentioned in Despatches for gallant and distinguished service in North West Europe [2].
PUGH, Harold
Marine Harold Pugh died when the jeep he was in skidded off the road into a dyke in Belgium.
Newspaper extract
Killed in Skidding Jeep.
News has been received by his widowed mother, who lives at 18, Forest Lane, North Walsall, that Marine Harold Hugh, the Marine Commandos, lost his life when his jeep skidded into a dyke in Belgium on October 16.
REEVES, Jonathan Albert
Marine Jonathan Reeves, 'Y' Troop, died during operations near Dunkirk. Prior to his service in 48RM Commando he had served in 17 Platoon 7th RM Battalion.
Extract from source at [1] below
Another similar patrol was carried out by Y Troop on September 25th, this time after dark. At 2000 hours, Major de Stacpoole left Ferme Legrand to PIAT an enemy-held farm. He took a PIAT party and a support party of two bren guns under command of Lieutenant Fouche.
RICHARDSON, Stanley
Marine Stanley Richardson, from Stainton in Yorkshire, died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
RIGBY, Frederick Ralph
Lieutenant Frederick Rigby, 'Z' troop, died when his Landing Craft struck beach defences at Normandy on D Day. He drowned attempting to swim to the shore under heavy enemy fire.
Sources
CWGC
D Day Commando - From Normandy to the Maas with 48RM Commando, author Ken Ford.
RULE, Dennis Harold George
Marine Dennis Rule died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
RYALLS, Kenneth John
Marine Kenneth Ryalls was awarded the MM for gallantry, leadership and undaunted devotion to duty during the assault on the Island of Walcheren.
SAGE, William Colston
Marine William Sage died during operations at Walcheren. It is likely that he died of wounds as there was a military hospital close to Oostende New Communal Cemetery where some of the wounded, such as Capt. R.G. MACKENZIE, had been taken.
SAMWELL, Lawrence Arthur
Marine Lawrence Samwell died during operations at Walcheren.
Notes
His brother 19062711 Private Vernon James Samwell, Royal Army Ordnance Corps, aged 19, also died in 1947.
SAVAGE, Cyril Charles
Marine Cyril Savage died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
SHEARS, Philip Desmond
Marine Philip Shears died during operations at Walcheren.
SHRIGLEY, Ernest
Corporal Ernest Shrigley died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
SILK, Eric John
Sergeant Eric Silk died operations at Normandy.
SIMPSON, Harold
Lance Corporal Harold Simpson died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
SIMPSON, Thomas
Marine Thomas Simpson died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
SKELLAND, Colin
Marine Colin Skelland died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
SPRUCE, Reginald Gibson
Marine Reginald Spruce died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
STANLEY, James Edward
Marine James Stanley died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
STEPHENS, Kenneth William
Marine Kenneth Stephens died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
STEVENS, Cyril Ernest
Marine Cyril Stevens died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
STEVENSON, Donald Henry
Sergeant Donald Stevenson died during operations at Normandy.
STEVENTON, Thomas
Corporal Thomas Steventon died during operations at Walcheren.
STEWART, John
Marine John Stewart died during operations in NW Europe.
STRINGER, John Clive
Sergeant John Clive 'Joe' Stringer was awarded the MM for gallant and distinguished services while operating with the Army during the successful landings in Normandy. *
Extract from Commando Association newsletter 85 of 1987 regarding a visit to Normandy in June of that year:
STURMEY, Frank Ernest
Marine Frank Sturmey died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
Sources
CWGC.
[image] His niece Frances M.K. Storey.
Notes
Image from Home Guard service.
Son of Walter and Mable Alice Sturmey, of Stroud, Gloucestershire.
TAVOLIER, Joseph Anthony
Corporal Joseph Tavolier died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
TAYLOR, Robert William
Marine Robert Taylor died during operations in NW Europe.
TICKLE, Frederick Barnard
Lance Corporal Frederick Tickle, R.A.M.C. attached to 'X' Troop, was awarded the MM for his gallantry during operations at Normandy [1].
TITMUSS, Philip George
Marine Philip Titmuss died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
UPTON, Leslie
Corporal Leslie Upton died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
Veere Patrol 8th November 1944
Location
Veere, Walcheren
Netherlands
51° 33' 3.0096" N, 3° 39' 54.1404" E
WALL, Norman F.
Marine Norman Wall died during operations at Walcheren. He was part of a patrol sent to Veere on the North East of the island travelling in a convoy of 4 amphibious Buffaloes.
WALL, Patrick Henry Bligh
Acting Major Patrick Wall was awarded the M.C. [1] for bravery and great devotion to duty on 20/21st April 1945 whilst second in command of No.48 RM Commando and leading a patrol across the River Maas in the Biesbosch area of the Netherlands [2].
- He was also awarded the Legion of Merit, Degree of Officer, bestowed by the President of the United States of America, for gallant and distinguished service during the invasion operations in Italy and Southern France [3].
WARDLE, George
Marine George Wardle died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
WARE, Charles John
Marine Charles Ware died during operations at Walcheren.
Notes
WHITE, Anthony Alban
Marine Anthony White died during operations at Normandy.
WILKINSON, Walter Henry
Lance Corporal Walter Wilkinson, RAMC attached to 48RM Commando, died during operations at Normandy on D Day. His name is on the 48RM Commando Memorial at the RM Commando Museum, Portsmouth.
WILLIAMS, Cyril Jesse
Marine Cyril Williams died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
WINSER, David Michael De Reuda
David Winser, known as 'Doc' Winser, died during operations at Walcheren.
David Winser rowed for Oxford and was in the winning boat in the boat race in 1937 after which he won a scholarship for Yale University. During the Blitz he was working at Charing Cross Hospital. After his medical training finished, he volunteered for the Commandos. He completed his Commando training at the CBTC at Achnacarry and became the Medical Officer for 48RM Commando. He was awarded the Military Cross for his gallantry on D Day whilst tending to the wounded on the beaches.
WISE, Derrick George
Corporal Derrick Wise died during operations at Normandy on D Day.
WOOD, James Herbert
Marine James Wood was awarded the MM for gallant and distinguished services in North West Europe.
WOODBINE, Bert
Marine Bert Woodbine died during operations at Normandy [1].
Extract from the 48 RM Commando War Diary 27th-29th August 1944 [2].
St. Maclou
27 Aug- 1030 Full church parade.Orders given for short leave-trips to Honfleur.
28 Aug - Cdo continued rest period.
29 Aug - Cdo continued rest period. 1500hrs, 3 men from Y tp visiting the Sallenelles strong point were unlucky enough to stand on a mine, killing 2 *, and wounded one.
29 Aug - Cdo continued rest period. 1500hrs, 3 men from Y tp visiting the Sallenelles strong point were unlucky enough to stand on a mine, killing 2 *, and wounded one.
YATES, Thomas David
Lieutenant Thomas Yates, 'Y' troop, died when his Landing Craft struck beach defences at Normandy on D Day. He drowned attempting to swim to the shore under heavy enemy fire.
Sources
CWGC
D Day Commando - From Normandy to the Maas with 48RM Commando, author Ken Ford.
Ask questions / Add information
Use our Forum for research enquiries, or to add information or photos. [register now].
Your message will then be seen by our Research Group and the many knowledgeable members of our Forum. Read some frequently asked questions here [FAQ's].
All content is researched and administered by the Commando Veterans Archive.
